181V Poster Online - Virtual Posters
Tuesday June 07, 11:00 AM - 3:00 PM

Authors:
Mohammad Hossein Banabazi ^1,2; Saeed Esmaeilkhanian ¹; Ayeh Sadat Sadr ³; Mohammad Reza Attari ⁴; Hamid Reza Seyedabadi ¹; Nematollah Asadi ¹; Ikhide G. Imumorin ⁵

Affiliations:
1) Department of Biotechnology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 3146618361, Iran; 2) Department of animal breeding and genetics (HGEN), Centre for Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (VHC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala 75007, Sweden. ; 3) South of Iran Aquaculture Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran; 4) Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran. Karaj, Iran; 5) School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

Keywords:
Ecological & conservation genetics

Crossbreeding is a classic inbreeding strategy to combine the genetic potential of two or more breeds that contribute. It applies in different methods. The crossbred animals slaughter in a terminal-cross scheme. Crossbreeding may continue to grade a breed up. Alternatively, it used to create a new breed after a few generations. But, these methods have not applied to local breeds in the right way. So, crossing with the imported breeds threatens the conservation of native animal diversity. Since the F1 bulls have some benefits of heterosis, most animal breeders would like to disseminate rapidly in the total local populations. But this heterosis will not necessarily be inherited by the next generations. The present research was to study transcriptome profiling and differential gene expression (DGE) among Sistani cattle and its crosses with three imported Bos taurus breeds. The Sistani cattle is an Iranian indigenous cattle population (Bos indicus) that has crossed with the invasive breeds, including Holstein, Simmental, and Montbéliarde. Whole blood samples were collected from animals reared under the rural production systems and Sistan's climate conditions in the east of Iran. Then, whole transcriptomes were routinely analyzed through an RNA-Seq workflow with the downstream analysis. The DGE analysis was showed that the indigenous breeds are intensively influenced in the transcriptome level by crossbreeding. The gene enrichment revealed that the genes involved in the conservative processes, particularly the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene family, were suffering the most changes in transcriptional coverage. It means that the local cattle population may probably lose their compatibility potential. These changes gradually are subsidence and remain. Holstein had fewer differentially up and down-regulated genes with mild changes than two other emerging breeds in that region, Simmental and Montbéliarde. It means that the history of breed importation may be reflected accordingly in the transcriptome profile of their crosses with the local breeds. In conclusion, the out of control crossbreeding of the local populations with the imported invasive breeds should consider as an urgent threat to conserving the indigenous animal populations in the short term and a continuous risk in the long term.